Rare earths

Rare earths are a group of 17 metallic elements in the periodic table: the 15 lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium. Although they are called “rare,” they are not particularly rare in terms of abundance; the name comes from the difficulty of extracting them in high enough concentrations to be commercially viable. 

These elements have unique magnetic, optical, and catalytic properties that make them essential for many modern technologies, such as electric vehicles, consumer electronics, and advanced medical equipment.